Angelology — From the Greek angelos (“messenger”) and logos (“study” or “discourse”), angelology is the theological and philosophical study of angels, their hierarchy, nature, duties, symbolism, and role within divine cosmology. Within Christian tradition, particularly in Catholic and Orthodox theology, angels are commonly organized into nine celestial orders arranged in three hierarchical spheres.
The traditional Nine Orders of Angels are:
- Seraphim
- Cherubim
- Thrones
- Dominions (or Lordships)
- Virtues (or Strongholds)
- Powers (or Authorities)
- Principalities (or Rulers)
- Archangels
- Angels
According to traditional theology, the higher orders remain closest to the divine presence, while lower orders serve more directly within the governance and guidance of creation and humanity. The order known as the Powers is traditionally associated with cosmic order, spiritual warfare, and opposition to destructive or chaotic forces.
In sacred art, sculpture, and iconography, angelology informs the depiction of angelic beings through established symbolic traditions, including wings, vestments, attributes, gestures, and hierarchical distinctions derived from scripture, liturgy, and mystical theology.